survival action. A lawsuit brought on behalf of a decedent’s estate for injuries or damages incurred by the decedent immediately before dying. • A survival action derives from the claim that a decedent would have had — such as for pain and suffering — if he or she had survived. In contrast is a claim […]
survival cause of action 遗存诉因 指诉讼的原告或被告死亡后，仍继续有效的诉因 。(→survival actions; survival statutes)
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survival statute. A law that modifies the common law by allowing certain actions to continue in favor of a personal representative after the death of the party who could have originally brought the action; esp., a law that provides for the estate’s recovery of damages incurred by the decedent immediately before death. Cf. DEATH STATUTE.
wrongful-death action. A lawsuit brought on behalf of a decedent’s survivors for their damages resulting from a tortious injury that caused the decedent’s death. — Also termed death action; death case. Cf. SURVIVAL ACTION. [Cases: Death 7–12. C.J.S. Aeronautics and Aerospace § 273; Death §§ 17–31, 102.]
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surviving, adj. Remaining alive; living beyond the happening of an event so as to entitle one to a distribution of property or income (surviving spouse). See SURVIVAL ACTION.
no eyewitness rule 〈美〉无目击证人规则 一项已基本失效的法律规则，指如果没有直接的证据证明死者曾采取了何种措施以避免事故的发生，则陪审团可以推断他是为自身安全并尽到了通常的注意而行事的。在仍然适用该规则的司法区，在遗留的诉讼或不当致死诉讼〔survival action or wrongful-death action〕中的原告可主张该原则以反驳被告提出的死者有与有过失〔contributory negligence〕的答辩。
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wrongful death statutes 〈美〉不法致死法 美国境内诸州均存在该种制定法。如果某人过失致他人死亡，则该法提供了一种诉因，死者的遗产管理人得以为死者的配偶、父母或子女的利益而对加害人提起诉讼。大多数州法律规定的是补偿性损害赔偿，但也有一些州保留了惩罚性损害赔偿的规定，而另外一些州的规定反映了以上两种倾向的结合。 (→Death on High Seas Act; Lord Campbell’s Act; survival statutes; unborn child; wrongful-death action)
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abatement ([schwa]-bayt-m[schwa]nt), n. 1. The act of eliminating or nullifying (abatement of a nuis-ance) (abatement of a writ). [C.J.S. Nuisances §§ 86–89.] 2. The suspension or defeat of a pending action for a reason unrelated to the merits of the claim (the defendant sought abatement of the suit because of misnomer). See plea in abatement